Bharat stage emission standards [ BSES ]

 BSES - stands for Bharat stage emission standards. in the year 1991 vehicle emission norms were introduced in India. 

  

the guidelines to be followed and implemented by CPCB ( central pollution control board), under the ministry of environment, forest & climate change. 

during the year 1991 vehicle emission norms were introduced for a petrol vehicle. and in the year 1992 for a diesel vehicle.

Why automobile companies update bharat standard (bs)?

the automobile companies update these standards to reduce the harmful gases coming from petrol & diesel vehicles.

The different standards of vehicle emission norms in India are  "India 2000", Bharat stage 2 (BS2), Bharat stage 3(BS3), Bharat stage 4 ( BS4), Bharat stage 6( BS6 ).

 (1) India 2000 standards were introduced and implemented in the year 2000 across the nations.

(2) Bharat Stage 2 (BS2):

     It was introduced in 2001, in cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai. with the implementation of bs2 norms, it leads to a reduction in the emission, with a maximum permissible for carbon monoxide emission of 2.2 g/km. hydro carbons + nitrogen oxides discharge of 0.50g/km.

(3) Bharat stage 3 

Bharat stage 3 was introduced & implemented in the year 2005 in the national capital region ( NCR) & other 13 cities in India . by 2010 Bharat stage3 standards is implemented in the whole nationwide. with the implementation of  BS-3 standards for petrol vehicles, it leads to a reduction in the emission with maximum permissible carbon monoxide emission of 2.3g/km, hydro carbons+ nitrogen oxides discharge of 0.35g/km& respirable suspended particulate matter discharge of 0.5.

(4)  bharat stage 4 (BS-4): Bharat stage 4 was introduced & implemented in the year 2010, in the national capital region (NCR) & in some other cities across the country. petrol powered vehicles were restricted to carry out maximum carbon monoxide emission of 1.0g?km, hydrocarbons + nitrogen oxides discharge of 0.18g/km, & respirable suspended particulate matter discharge of  0.025. 

(5) bharat stage 6 (BS6)

 India skipped BS-5 standards & directly implemented BS-6 standards on 1 April 2020. the maximum permissible standards for petrol vehicles are
up to carbon monoxide emission of 1.0g/km, hydrocarbons + nitrogen oxides discharge of 0.16g/km & respirable suspended particulate matter discharge of  0.05.